Exploring the Potential Mechanism of “X” Jamu Capsule in Treating Hypertension Based on Network Pharmacology

Abstract

Jamu is a traditional medicine derived from plants, animals, minerals, and galenic preparations that are used empirically as a treatment. Hypertension is a condition when the systolic blood pressure is > 140 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure is > 90 mmHg. The purpose of this research is to describe the mechanism of action of Jamu which consists of six plants, namely Apium Graveolens, Orthosiphon aristatus, Imperatae cylindrica, Phyllanthus niruri, Centella asiatica, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza as antihipertensive using network pharmacology because the herbs are formula with multi-components and multi-targets. This research was conducted by searching for compounds in each plant using the knapsack and IJAH Analytic databases, 187 compounds were obtained and filtered based on oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL) values yielded 40, searched for the target protein obtained 2198 proteins in Swisstargetprediction database, searching for hypertension target proteins in the OMIM and Uniprot databases found 338 proteins, then for compound target proteins and hypertension targets searched for protein overlap manually in the cytoscape application obtained 10 proteins, then these proteins were analyzed using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) it was found that the most significant signaling is PI3K-Akt, which is associated with increased NO production, resulting in vascular relaxation and influencing blood pressure. The signaling is influenced by the work of JAK2, MDM2, INSR, NOS3, and VEGFA proteins. These proteins are the target proteins of 10 compounds contained in the plants Orthosiphon aristatus, Phyllanthus niruri, Centella asiatica, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza.