Analysis of Public Knowledge Related to Antibiotic Usage and Its Impact on Antibiotic Resistance

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health threat, exacerbated by inappropriate antibiotic use. This study aims to analyze the public knowledge level of antibiotics and their correlation with the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the city. This prospective, descriptive observational study, conducted in Bogor City from March to May 2025, analyzed antibiotic usage patterns and knowledge among 191 residents aged 17 years who had previously used antibiotics. The majority of respondents were female (88.5%) and homemakers (78.5%). A high prevalence of antibiotic use (95.8%) was reported, with amoxicillin being the most frequently used (82.2%). Notably, 2.1% of respondents mistakenly identified non-antibiotics. While doctors (60.7%) were the primary source of recommendation, some obtained antibiotics based on advice from neighbors (2.6%) or self-medication (1.6%). The average knowledge score was 62.3%, with 15.7% having low knowledge. Misconceptions existed, as only 69.1% correctly identified antibiotics' use for bacterial infections, and only 48.2% knew they don't treat inflammation. Concerning behaviors included purchasing antibiotics without a prescription (19.4%) and stopping prematurely due to symptom relief (17.3%). A significant positive correlation (r=0.45,p<0.001) was found between knowledge and rational behavior. This study underscores the need for targeted educational interventions in Bogor City to address knowledge gaps and reduce risky antibiotic use practices to combat AMR, especially antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, this study conducted in Bogor City between March and May 2025 revealed a high prevalence of prior antibiotic use among residents, alongside identified gaps in public knowledge regarding their appropriate application.