Formulation and Evaluation of Effervescent Tablets from Guava Leaf Extract with Variations of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Concentration
Keywords:
Completely Randomized Design, Effervescent Tablets, Granules, Guava Leaf Extract, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)Abstract
This study aimed to formulate and evaluate effervescent tablets of guava leaf extract with varying concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a binder, specifically at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. The research was conducted as a laboratory-based experimental study using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Evaluation included granule characterization (moisture content, flow time, and angle of repose) and tablet assessment (weight uniformity, hardness, dissolution time, moisture content, pH, and organoleptic properties). The results showed that increasing PVP concentration significantly improved granule flow properties and overall tablet quality, particularly in terms of hardness and dissolution time (p < 0.05). Formulations F3 and F4 met the requirements for tablet hardness and weight uniformity, while all formulations except F4 dissolved in less than 5 minutes. Moisture content remained within the acceptable range (<10%), but pH values did not reach the ideal range (6–7). Organoleptic characteristics such as aroma, taste, and color were relatively consistent across all formulations; however, only F2 exhibited a nearly perfect physical shape. Overall, variations in PVP concentration had a significant effect on the physical characteristics of both granules and effervescent tablets, though further optimization is needed for pH and shape uniformity.
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