Acute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Biophytum umbraculum Welw. Ethanolic Extract

Rizka Bella; Erni Rustiani; Nisa Najwa; Lisna Anisa Fitriana

Authors

Rizka Bella Universitas Pakuan
Erni Rustiani Universitas Pakuan
Nisa Najwa Universitas Pakuan
Lisna Anisa Fitriana Universitas Pakuan

Keywords:

acute toxicity, Biophytum umbraculum, body weight, fixed dose, Mus musculus

Abstract

Biophytum umbraculum Welw. (Syn. Biophytum petersianum) is a traditional Papuan plant known for its antioxidant and stamina-enhancing properties Biophytum umbraculum Welw. contains diverse phytochemicals, which contribute to its protective effects against oxidative stress and its potential to support reproductive health. This study aims to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of Biophytum umbraculum Welw. (Syn. Biophytum petersianum) Ethanol extract in mice (Mus musculus Balb/c). A fixed-dose method was used with treatment groups receiving single oral doses of 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW), alongside a negative control group receiving 0.5% Na CMC. Clinical signs, mortality, body weight, and organ indices were monitored for 14 days following administration.. No abnormal clinical signs observed except mild, transient grooming, which is considered a normal behavioral response in mice in preliminary test. In the main test and limit test, only ptosis (2000 mg/kgBW) and piloerection (5000 mg/kgBW) were found. All groups showed consistent increases in body weight. No significant organ toxicity observed (p>0.05), except spleen (p<0.05).The ethanol extract of B. umbraculum is practically non-toxic at doses up to 5000 mg/kg body weight. It is safe for further pharmacological investigation and potential development as an herbal therapeutic agent.

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